Introduction:
A metallurgical furnace that directly heats materials with a flame to smelt metal. It consists of three main parts: combustion chamber, smelting chamber and exhaust flue (chimney). The entire furnace is a rectangular smelting chamber lined with refractory material. The reverberatory furnace has a simple structure, low investment, and uses a wide range of fuels (such as coal, gas, heavy oil, etc.). It is an important smelting equipment for non-ferrous metals such as copper, nickel, and tin. It is widely used to process ores and concentrates, especially It can handle fine-grained powders; it can also be used to smelt ferrous alloys and be used for fire refining of metals. However, because the flame is in direct contact with the metal, the oxidation loss of the metal is large. Reverberatory furnaces are commonly used as roasting equipment in metallurgy, chemical industry and other fields.
Structure:
The reverberatory furnace is composed of furnace base, furnace bottom, furnace wall, furnace top, feeding port, product discharge port, flue and other parts. Its auxiliary equipment includes feeding device, blowing device, smoke exhaust device and waste heat utilization device.
(1) Furnace foundation: The furnace foundation is the foundation of the entire furnace and bears the huge load of the furnace, so it requires a solid foundation. The furnace base can be made of concrete, slag or stone, and its periphery is made of concrete or reinforced concrete side walls. There are holes at the bottom of the furnace base to accommodate the bottom tie rods used to reinforce the furnace.
(2) Furnace bottom: The furnace bottom is an important part of the reverberatory furnace. Because it is exposed to high temperatures for a long time, it bears the huge pressure of the melt, and is constantly washed away by the melt and chemically corroded. Therefore, appropriate refractory materials must be selected for construction or use. Tamper the sintered furnace bottom to extend the life of your furnace. The requirements for the furnace bottom are that it is solid, corrosion-resistant and able to expand freely when heated.
(3) Furnace wall: The furnace wall is built directly on the furnace foundation. The furnace wall is subject to the physical and chemical effects of high-temperature melt and high-temperature furnace gas. Therefore, the inner layer of the furnace wall of the reverberatory smelting furnace is mostly built with magnesia bricks and magnesia-alumina bricks, and the outer layer is built with clay bricks. Some important parts are built with chrome-magnesia bricks. The inner and outer walls of metal melting furnaces with lower melting points, such as aluminum melting reverberatory furnaces, can be built with clay bricks.
(4) Furnace roof: The roof of the reverberatory furnace is divided into brick vault and suspended roof in terms of structure. Reverberatory furnaces that operate periodically and reverberatory furnaces with smaller furnace widths usually use brick vaults. Large-scale copper smelting reverberatory furnaces mostly use suspended furnace roofs.
(5) Product discharge port: The discharge port of the reverberatory furnace has three types: hole type, grout type and siphon type. The copper refining reverberatory furnace adopts an ordinary hole-type copper discharge port. The size of the hole is generally 5~30mm, and its location can be located at the rear end wall, the middle of the side wall or the low part of the tail furnace bottom. The tin smelting reverberatory furnace adopts a water-cooled hole-type tin discharge port, that is, a cooling water jacket is embedded outside the brick wall at the ordinary brick hole discharge port. Compared with the first two product discharge ports, the siphon-type product discharge port has the advantages of convenient operation, safety, improved working conditions, and improved product quality.
Features:
The reverberatory furnace has the advantages of simple structure, convenient operation, easy control, good adaptability to raw materials and fuels, low water consumption during the production process, high operating rate, and is suitable for large-scale production. Therefore, reverberatory furnaces are widely used in smelting copper, tin, bismuth and processing lead dross, as well as in the melting and smelting of metals. Currently, reverberatory furnace smelting accounts for 30% to 40% of the world's copper smelting, and 80% to 90% of cassiterite is produced by reverberatory furnace smelting.